The Romanian Academy of Scientists is the successor and sole legatee of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (1935 - 1948) and of the Romanian Association of Scientists established by HCM no. 1012/30 May 1956, which in 1996 changed its title in the Romanian Academy of Scientists. In 2007, Law no. January 31-15, 2007 on the reorganization and operation of AOSR.
Among the honorary members of the ASR were the following Nobel laureates (according to the ASR Bulletin No. 11.1943): Louis de Broglie , Jean Perrin (French physicists), Max Born , Werner-Karl Heisenberg (German physicists), Paul Sabatier (French chemist), Hans Fischer , Friedrich Bergius ( German chemists), Paul Karrer (Swiss chemist) and George Emil Palade (Romanian doctor), member of AOSR.
According to the institutional evaluation Scimago / ELSEVIER , based on the international scientific visibility of its members, AOSR ranks 22nd / Romania and 775 / world in the ranking of research and higher education institutions.